Syrian rebel leader Ahmed al-Sharaa, formerly known as Abu Mohammed al-Jawlani, emerges as a key figure in Syria’s post-Assad era, marking a significant shift in the country’s political landscape.
At a Glance
- Syrian rebels have successfully ousted President Bashar al-Assad, capturing Damascus.
- Ahmed al-Sharaa, leader of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), is using his real name to bolster legitimacy.
- HTS has established the “Syrian Salvation Government” as its political arm in Idlib.
- The group faces challenges in transitioning from militant organization to governing body.
- International recognition remains a hurdle as HTS is still designated a terrorist organization by many countries.
Rebel Victory and Leadership Transformation
In a stunning turn of events, Syrian rebel forces have successfully ousted President Bashar al-Assad, marking the end of his decades-long rule. As celebrations erupt across Damascus, attention turns to the emerging leadership, particularly Ahmed al-Sharaa, formerly known as Abu Mohammed al-Jawlani, the leader of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS).
Al-Sharaa’s decision to use his real name in official communications since Thursday signals a strategic move to distance himself from his jihadist past and present a more legitimate image as HTS takes control of Damascus. This transformation has been gradual, marked by changes in public statements, interviews, and appearance, shifting from jihadist attire to military fatigues.
Syrian rebels seized the capital Damascus unopposed after a lightning advance that sent President Bashar al-Assad fleeing to Russia after a 13-year civil war and six decades of his family's autocratic rule https://t.co/plNTTE7BUO
— Reuters (@Reuters) December 9, 2024
From Militant Group to Governing Body
HTS, under al-Sharaa’s leadership, has become the dominant force in Idlib and has now expanded its influence to Damascus. The group has established the “Syrian Salvation Government” (SG) as its political arm, aiming to legitimize its rule and showcase stability in the areas under its control.
Al-Sharaa has been actively engaging with the public, highlighting governance achievements to legitimize HTS’s rule. However, the group faces criticism for authoritarianism, suppressing dissent, and marginalizing other militant factions. In response, HTS has initiated reforms, including disbanding a controversial security force and establishing a “Department of Grievances” to address public concerns.
Challenges and International Recognition
Despite its efforts to rebrand and govern effectively, HTS still faces significant challenges. The group remains designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, United States, United Kingdom, and other countries, complicating its path to international recognition and legitimacy.
Al-Sharaa’s strategy emphasizes pragmatism and moderation, aiming to reconcile the group’s Islamist identity with broader demands for freedom and coexistence. This approach may signal a shift towards a more politically flexible form of “jihadism,” potentially marking a new era for global jihad movements.
The Road Ahead
As Syria enters this new chapter, the international community watches closely. The country faces the daunting task of rebuilding its national identity and infrastructure from the remnants of protracted conflict. Establishing a stable government that can represent diverse political voices will be crucial in maintaining peace and fostering inclusive dialogue.
While HTS’s recent success in uniting rebels has strengthened al-Sharaa’s position, there are calls for him to step back due to his jihadist past. The coming months will be critical in determining whether Syria can transition to a more inclusive and representative form of governance, addressing the humanitarian crises and rebuilding efforts that lie ahead.
Sources:
- From Syrian jihadist leader to rebel politician: How Abu Mohammed al-Jolani reinvented himself
- With Syria’s Assad gone, his PM agrees to hand power to rebel administration
- Syrian rebels celebrate fall of Assad regime
